Petersburg is a village in Boone County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 333 at the 2010 census. Petersburg is the site of a memorial to Logan Fontenelle, an Omaha chief who was killed nearby, in a skirmish with Brulé and Arapaho in 1855, at the site of the present-day Olson Nature Preserve.HistoryPetersburg was platted in 1887 when the railroad was extended to that point. It was named for John Peters, the original owner of the town site.GeographyPetersburg is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.37sqmi, all of it land.Demographics2010 censusAs of the census of 2010, there were 333 people, 145 households, and 94 families residing in the village. The population density was 900.0PD/sqmi. There were 168 housing units at an average density of 454.1/sqmi. The racial makeup of the village was 98.8% White and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.There were 145 households of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.2% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.94.