Spartanburg is an unincorporated community in Greensfork Township, Randolph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.HistorySpartanburg was first known as Newberg, and under the latter name was founded in 1832. A post office was established under the name Spartanburg in 1842, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1907.GeographySpartanburg is located at.